Address
HQ: 13c, Kenneth Agbakuru, Phase I, Lekki, Lagos.
Response Units
-14 Yemi Adetayo, Ilasan, Lekki-Epe
-3, Owodunni Street, Toyin Street, Ikeja
Work Hours
Monday to Saturday: 24/7
Starting an ambulance company in Nigeria presents unique challenges and opportunities. When we founded Ambulance Nigeria (now AmbuServ) in 2016, we encountered several hurdles, from selecting the right vehicles to hiring qualified personnel and navigating regulatory requirements. Without a clear guide, we made mistakes that cost us time and money. However, these lessons were invaluable in shaping the success of AmbuServ.
This guide is tailored for aspiring entrepreneurs who want to know how to start an ambulance company in Nigeria. Based on our experiences, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know—from legal requirements to choosing vehicles and hiring staff.
Table of Contents
Legal Requirements: Registering Your Ambulance Company in Nigeria
The first step in starting any business in Nigeria, including an ambulance service, is registration with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). This ensures your business operates legally. Additionally, healthcare businesses in Nigeria often require a doctor’s license as part of the registration process.
State-Specific Health Registrations
In states like Lagos, you’ll need to register your ambulance company with the Health Facilities Monitoring and Accreditation Agency (HEFAMAA). During our registration with HEFAMAA, we had to provide:
- Team credentials, including paramedics and medical personnel.
- Vehicle and equipment inventory.
- Proof of local government registration.
- A formal letter to the Honorable Commissioner of Health.
After an inspection, HEFAMAA issued us a license to operate. Every state in Nigeria may have different health regulations, so ensure you research the specific requirements where you plan to operate.
Choosing the Right Ambulance Vehicle for Your Business
Selecting the appropriate ambulance vehicle depends on factors such as capital, personal preference, and your target market.
Capital Considerations
As of September 2024, the cost of a 2023 Toyota Hiace ambulance is around ₦85 million ($52,000). A pre-owned Hiace of the same year is available for ₦45 million ($27,272), excluding the cost of equipping it with medical gear.
Personal Preference and Target Market
Larger vans, like the Toyota Hiace, are spacious enough for more medical equipment and allow for procedures during transport. However, some clients prefer smaller, more affordable options, such as minivans (Toyota Sienna), especially for basic medical transport.
At AmbuServ, we maintain a fleet that includes both vans and minivans to cater to a diverse client base. Some corporate clients, for example, prefer vehicles not older than five years.
New vs. Pre-Owned Ambulances: Which is Better?
When deciding between a brand-new or pre-owned ambulance, consider your target clients and long-term maintenance costs.
- Brand-New Ambulances: These vehicles come with warranties and are more reliable but are expensive.
- Pre-Owned Ambulances: Although cheaper, pre-owned vehicles can come with hidden costs related to maintenance. Check the vehicle’s mileage (higher mileage means more wear), engine quality, and exterior/interior condition before purchasing.
Foreign-Built vs. Locally-Converted Ambulances
Ambulances can either be imported, fully fitted with medical equipment, or converted locally. At AmbuServ, we’ve converted regular buses into ambulances multiple times. While foreign-built ambulances often come pre-fitted with compartments, replacing equipment in Nigeria can be challenging and costly. Locally converted ambulances can be customized to suit Nigerian conditions but might lack some advanced features of foreign-built ones.
Automatic vs. Manual Transmission: What Works Best?
In Nigeria, most drivers prefer automatic vehicles. However, it’s essential that your drivers (referred to as Pilots) are proficient in both manual and automatic transmissions, as you may need flexibility during emergencies.
Types of Ambulance Vehicles
The type of ambulance you choose depends on your target market and the services you plan to offer. Here are the common types:
- Minivans (Compact Ambulances): Smaller but suitable for basic medical services. For example, the Toyota Sienna can be used for Basic Life Support (BLS).
- Vans (e.g., Toyota Hiace): Ideal for Advanced Life Support (ALS) or Critical Care due to their space and ability to house more equipment.
- 4×4 SUVs: Great for rough terrains, although not as common in urban areas.
- Truck Ambulances: Larger ambulances that are rare in Nigeria but provide ample space for equipment and critical care.
Petrol vs. Diesel Engines: Which is More Reliable?
From experience, diesel engines tend to be problematic in Nigeria due to the lack of skilled mechanics and frequent mechanical issues. Many diesel-powered ambulances end up as relics in garages.
Our Experience with Diesel Engines
Our first ambulance, a Renault Master, was diesel-powered. Initially, we thought we had found a lucrative market, but the vehicle constantly broke down. We faced issues with:
- Fuel pump malfunctions.
- Non-functioning air conditioning.
- Engine and fan belt problems.
After replacing the diesel engines six times across two vehicles, we switched to petrol engines. Since then, our maintenance costs have decreased, and our vehicles have been more reliable.
Ambulance Color and Lettering: Staying Visible
Your ambulance should have a bright, distinctive color to stand out on the road. Additionally, ensure the word “AMBULANCE” is clearly displayed on all four sides of the vehicle. The front lettering should be mirrored as “ECNALUBMA” so that drivers ahead can read it correctly in their rearview mirrors.
Does Ambulance Size Matter?
The size of an ambulance doesn’t necessarily dictate the level of care it provides. We’ve successfully transported critically ill patients in smaller vehicles like a Toyota Sienna. While larger ambulances offer more space, they come with higher operational and maintenance costs. Consider your target market, capital, and the level of care you want to provide before choosing a size.
Levels of Care: Basic, Advanced, or Critical?
The level of care you plan to offer will determine your equipment and staffing needs.
- Basic Life Support (BLS): Suitable for stable patients, these ambulances are equipped with first aid kits and oxygen tanks.
- Advanced Life Support (ALS): For patients requiring constant monitoring and intervention. Includes equipment like defibrillators, patient monitors, and nebulizers.
- Critical Care (MICU): For critically ill patients requiring advanced care, with equipment like ventilators and incubators.
Hiring Personnel: Building a Qualified Team
The qualifications of your medical personnel depend on the level of care you offer. At a minimum, your staff should have Basic Life Support (BLS) certification, with advanced training in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and Trauma Life Support (TLS).
Paramedics vs. Nurses vs. Doctors
- Most ambulance companies in Nigeria hire paramedics for day-to-day operations. Some hospitals staff their ambulances with nurses or doctors, particularly for critical care transport.
Hiring Paramedics
As of 2024, there’s only one accredited paramedic school in Nigeria. When hiring, consider a candidate’s experience, certifications, and the school they attended.
Staffing Levels and Shift Management
To run a 24/7 operation, you’ll need:
- At least two drivers (Pilots).
- Two paramedics per shift.
- A call room team to handle emergency requests and dispatch vehicles.
Proper shift management is critical to ensure your team remains alert and efficient.
Your Standard Operating Procedure (SOP): The Backbone of Your Business
A strong SOP is essential for smooth operations. Your Pilots should conduct daily vehicle checks, and your medical staff must be familiar with patient care protocols. When covering events, arrive 60 minutes early to assess the environment and prepare for potential emergencies.
Insurance: Protecting Your Business
To safeguard your company, invest in professional indemnity insurance to cover medical staff errors and comprehensive vehicle insurance for your fleet.
In Nigeria, traffic can be unpredictable. Unlike in many countries, motorists may not yield to an ambulance, and law enforcement may stop your vehicle—even with the siren on. Proper insurance helps mitigate these risks.
Conclusion
Starting an ambulance company in Nigeria is no small feat, but with the right planning, resources, and personnel, you can build a successful business. Consider factors like vehicle selection, staffing, and regulatory requirements before launching your operations.
Need assistance setting up your ambulance company or contracting out its operations? Contact us at hello@citron-health.com or call +2348100368345.
FAQs(Frequently Asked Questions)
How to Start an Ambulance Company in Nigeria?
To start an ambulance company in Nigeria, follow these key steps:
- Register your business with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) and obtain a doctor’s license as part of the healthcare-related business requirements.
- Comply with state health regulations, such as registering with the Health Facilities Monitoring and Accreditation Agency (HEFAMAA) in Lagos or similar agencies in other states.
- Select the right vehicles based on your target market and capital, considering options like the Toyota Hiace or minivans like the Toyota Sienna.
- Equip your ambulances according to the level of care you want to provide—Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Life Support (ALS), or Critical Care.
- Hire qualified personnel, such as paramedics with Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) certifications.
- Ensure proper insurance coverage, including professional indemnity insurance and comprehensive vehicle insurance.
What are the requirements to start an ambulance company in Nigeria?
The key requirements include registering the company with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), complying with state health regulations, obtaining necessary licenses, hiring qualified medical personnel, and securing the proper vehicles and equipment.
How much does it cost to start an ambulance company in Nigeria?
The cost depends on factors such as vehicle selection, staffing, and equipment. For instance, a brand-new Toyota Hiace ambulance costs around ₦85 million ($52,000), while a pre-owned one costs ₦45 million ($27,272), excluding equipment.
What qualifications are required for ambulance personnel in Nigeria?
Ambulance personnel should have Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) certifications. Depending on the level of care you provide, your team may also include paramedics, nurses, or doctors for critical transport cases.
What is the best vehicle for an ambulance service in Nigeria?
The best vehicle depends on your budget and target market. The Toyota Hiace is a popular choice for advanced services, while minivans like the Toyota Sienna are suitable for basic care.
Is it better to buy a new or pre-owned ambulance in Nigeria?
New ambulances are more reliable but expensive. Pre-owned ambulances are cheaper but may require higher maintenance. Consider your budget and target clients when making a decision.